What it is and why it happens
A vertebra slips forward over the one below due to a defect in the bony arch (isthmic) or age-related degenerative changes. Symptoms include back pain that worsens with standing, and leg pain or numbness when the slip presses on the nerves.
Conservative approach first
In low-grade slips without instability, physiotherapy, core-muscle strengthening and pain management are often enough. Many patients do not need surgery and are followed with check-ups.
When is stabilization needed?
Surgery — decompression and stabilization with screws and fusion — is considered with instability, progressive slippage, persistent leg pain or weakness. The goal is to halt the slip, relieve the nerves and restore stability. The technique is chosen individually.
Recovery
After stabilization most patients stand up quickly; heavy loads resume gradually as the fusion heals. Exact timing depends on the degree of slip and the technique used.